The restoration of Karabakh is a unique opportunity to rethink how cities can be planned from scratch –  INTERVIEW

The year 2026 has been declared the “Year of Architecture and Urban Planning” in Azerbaijan, emphasizing the country's special attention to the formation of a modern, sustainable, and comfortable urban environment. In recent years, the country's cities have been actively modernizing: large-scale infrastructure projects are being implemented, public spaces are being renewed, and “smart” city management elements are being introduced. Issues of sustainable development, transport mobility, preservation of historical and cultural heritage, and the creation of human-centered cities are of particular importance.

Furthermore, after the liberation of Karabakh, a unique opportunity arose for Azerbaijan to build new cities and villages based on the most modern architectural and urban planning principles. 

According to an interview given by Uzbek architect Shahzot Rahmatov to azertac, Aztəhsil.az reports:

- he discussed which approaches could be most effective for sustainable urban development, which international experiences should be considered, and how modern solutions can change the quality of urban life.

- In recent years, Azerbaijani cities have been actively modernizing and expanding. In your opinion, what fundamental principles of sustainable urban planning should form the basis for the development of the country's modern cities?

- In my opinion, sustainable urban development should begin with an approach focused on people's comfort. Cities should be designed primarily for people, not just for cars or infrastructure. In fact, if you ask this question to urban planning specialists and architects, most of them will voice very similar principles. Comfortable public spaces, pedestrian-friendly streets, and accessible services are the most important elements of a healthy urban environment.

Another important principle is mixed-use zoning. When housing, workplaces, shops, and public spaces are located close to each other, cities become more dynamic, and people become less dependent on long daily commutes. Such an approach reduces car dependency and promotes a more active social life.

Finally, the integration of nature into the urban environment is crucial. Green zones, parks, and ecological corridors improve the city's environment, as well as create more pleasant places for daily life.

- Baku and other major cities face rapid population growth and traffic congestion. What urban planning solutions can make the urban environment more comfortable and functional?

- Traffic congestion is a common problem for many rapidly growing cities. One of the most effective solutions is to strengthen public transport systems. Efficient metro lines, bus networks, and well-organized mobility systems can significantly reduce reliance on private cars.

At the same time, cities should be more comfortable for pedestrians. Pedestrian-friendly streets, safe pedestrian crossings, and bicycle infrastructure can make daily movement more convenient and sustainable.

Another important approach is the development of several city centers instead of concentrating everything in one central district. When services, workplaces, and public spaces are distributed across different parts of the city, people are not forced to travel long distances every day.

A relevant example in our region is the development of a new city currently being planned near Tashkent – New Tashkent. The project aims to create a polycentric urban structure with integrated public transport, green corridors, and multifunctional districts. Such approaches help reduce traffic congestion under existing conditions, while simultaneously creating a more balanced urban environment.

- After the liberation of Karabakh from occupation, a large-scale urban and rural reconstruction program was launched. What modern approaches to planning and architecture can transform these areas into models of sustainable and innovative development?

- The restoration of Karabakh is a unique opportunity to rethink how cities and settlements can be planned from scratch. Cultural heritage plays a significant role in the region's restoration. The restoration of the Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque in Shusha, one of the first historical and religious buildings restored after the region's liberation, is a symbolic example. The revival of such monuments helps communities reconnect with their cultural identity and historical memory.

Another key aspect is careful integration with the natural landscape. Karabakh has a very rich natural environment, and future development should work in harmony with this landscape, not against it, creating balanced and sustainable communities.

- Which international urban planning practices could be particularly beneficial for Azerbaijan?

- There are many interesting examples around the world that offer valuable lessons. For instance, Copenhagen is widely known for prioritizing pedestrians and cyclists, which has significantly improved urban mobility and quality of life.

In recent years, Paris has also implemented significant urban mobility reforms under the leadership of Mayor Anne Hidalgo. Several car lanes have been converted into pedestrian zones and bicycle infrastructure, and many streets have been transformed into one-way streets. These measures have helped reduce car traffic and create more comfortable public spaces.

Another interesting example is Barcelona, where the Superblocks concept has been implemented. By restricting car traffic within certain city blocks and prioritizing pedestrians and public activities, they have been able to create quieter and more comfortable spaces for living.

Studying and adapting such international experiences can help cities develop solutions that improve urban life while preserving local context and cultural identity.